ÉCOLE DE PARIS IN AND OUT OF PARIS (1928–1930): A TRANSREGIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE EXHIBITIONS OF THE “SCHOOL OF PARIS” IN VENICE, CAMBRIDGE, RECIFE, SÃO PAULO, AND RIO DE JANEIRO
Keywords:
exhibition history, modern art, art and migration, transregional dynamicsAbstract
This article examines how art exhibitions shaped the label “École de Paris” (School of Paris) in transregional dynamics between 1928 and 1930. Since 1925, art critics used the term “École de Paris” to describe art from Paris, especially from the Montparnasse district, which was created in an internationalized artistic milieu. Since its emergence and when used in exhibitions, the label has been highly ambivalent and has allowed different views of Paris as a migrant city and center of modern art. On the one hand, exhibitions of the School of Paris demonstrated the involvement of artists and critics in a vibrant, leading art center, and on the other, they were always part of tendencies abroad that coped with or counteracted the hegemony of Paris. Around 1930, “École de Paris” exhibitions were already an internationally spread phenomenon. This essay focuses on three of them: the first monographic exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 1928, an exhibition at the Harvard Society for Contemporary Art in Cambridge, MA (1929), and a traveling exhibition in Brazil in Recife, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (1930). I will ask how artists, curators and critics appropriated, relocated, and transformed this label outside Paris and analyze exhibition catalogues and press material on these three cases. First, I will demonstrate that the “École de Paris”, as an art-critical and institutional label of the Parisian interwar period, oscillated between nationalist and cosmopolitan claims. Second, I present two strategies of School of Paris exhibitions abroad that served artists and critics: one highlighting national art in other countries and competing with Parisian hegemony in art (Venice and Cambridge, MA), and one embracing its cosmopolitan universalism (Recife/Rio de Janeiro/São Paulo).
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